Whether a particular entity constitutes an “instrumentality” under the FCPA requires a fact-specific analysis of an entity’s ownership, control, status, and function. This is a non-exhaustive list of factors to determine whether the government “controls” an entity: the entity’s formal designation; whether the government has a majority interest; the government’s ability to hire and fire principals of the entity; if the entity’s profits go directly to the government’s fiscal accounts; if the government funds the entity should it fail to break even.
The Anti-Corruption Tools Exist—Why Aren’t We Using Them?
NWC program manager Jeana Lee explains that proven anti-corruption laws have recovered over $25 billion in sanctions and protect whistleblowers regardless of nationality. But most countries haven’t implemented them—and most…
